酸性：磷酸盐溶液＞磷酸一氢根溶液＞磷酸二氢根酸性

小檗碱

麻黄碱

伪麻黄碱

东莨菪碱

山莨菪碱

100mL0.5mol/LMgCl2溶液

200mL0.25mol/LAlCl3溶液

50mL 0.5mol/LKCl溶液

25mL0.5mol/LFeCl3溶液

150ml1mol/L的NaCl溶液

50ml3mol/L的NaCl溶液

150ml3mol/L的MgCl 2 溶液

75ml2mol/L的KCl溶液

1 L该溶液中含有硝酸钾101 g

100 mL该溶液中含有硝酸钾0.01 mol

从1 L该溶液中取出500 mL后，剩余溶液的浓度为0.05 mol·L-1

1 L水中溶解0.1 mol硝酸钾,即可配得0.1 mol·L-1硝酸钾溶液

As you can imagine, organic agricultural practices are quite distinct from those of "conventional" fanning.

Organic farmers:

feed soil and build soil matter with natural fertilizer to grow their crops use insect predators, mating disruption, traps and barriers to protect crops from pests and disease make use of crop rotation, mechanical tillage and hand-weeding, as well as cover crops, mulches, flame weeding and other management methods to control weed growth.As a last resort, organic farmers may apply certain botanical or other non-synthetic pesticides. Conventional farmers:,

apply chemical fertilizers to the soil to grow their crops spray with insecticides to protect crops from pests and disease use synthetic herbicides to control weed growth.

Look for the word "organic" on vegetables or pieces of fruit, or on the sign above the organic produce display. The word "organic" may also appear on packages of meat, cartons of milk or eggs, cheese and other single-ingredient foods. Foods labeled "100 percent organic" must contain only organic ingredients. Products containing at least 70 percent organic content can be labeled "made with organic ingredients". Those foods labeled simply "organic" must have at least 95 percent organic ingredients, by weight or fluid volume, excluding water and salt. Anyone who knowingly sells or labels a product "organic" that is not produced and handled in accordance with these regulations can face a civil penalty of up to $10,000.

Foods grown and processed according to the federal standards will in most cases bear the seal "USDA Organic". As its use is voluntary, companies may choose not to display the seal.

Why Should I Care if a Food is Organic According to the USDA, organic food production allows farmers to lower input costs, decrease reliance on nonrenewable resources, capture high-value markets and premium prices, and boost farm income. Organic agriculture also has many important environmental, benefits:

It promotes sustainability by establishing an ecological balance to prevent soil fertility or pest problems. In the long run, organic farms tend to conserve energy and protect the environment by maintaining ecological harmony.

It enhances biodiversity, or the presence of multiple plant and animal species. Having a highly diverse genetic pool becomes useful in the future when beneficial characteristics can be tapped.

Because organic agriculture utilizes practices such as crop rotations, inter-cropping, symbiotic associations, cover crops and minimum tillage, the length of time that the soil is exposed to erosive forces is decreased, which minimizes nutrient losses and boosts soil productivity. By not using synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, organic agriculture-reduces pollution of groundwater.

Organic agriculture helps to minimize the greenhouse effect and global warming through its ability to keep carbon in the soil.

Prices tend to be higher for organic titan conventional products. As stated on the Web site of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), certified organic products are generally, more expensive than their conventional counterparts because:

The organic food supply is limited as compared to demand. Production costs for organic foods are typically higher because of greater labor input and because farmers don’t produce enough of a single product to lower the overall cost.

Post-harvest handling of relatively small quantities of organic foods results in higher costs because organic and conventional 0roduce must be separated for processing and transportation.

Marketing and the distribution chain for organic products are relatively inefficient, and costs are higher because of relatively small volumes.

The FAO also notes that as the demand for organic food and products increases, technological innovations and economies of scale should reduce costs of production, processing, distribution and marketing for organic produce.

Organic and conventional food must meet the same quality and safety standards. Organic food differs from conventionally produced food simply in the way it is grown, handled, and processed. There is no scientific evidence to suggest that it is more nutritious or safer than conventional food. A recently published report indicates that organic food is less likely to contain pesticide residues than conventional food. Yet, according to the National Research Council, the traces of pesticides left on conventionally grown products are unlikely to cause an increased cancer risk. Also, if fruits and vegetables are properly washed, most of the chemicals can be removed. As for taste, that’s up to you to decide what you like best. In general, people tend to find that the fresher a food is, the better it tastes, regardless of how it was produced.

所含电解质浓度与血浆相似

能稀释血浆，降低血浆粘稠度

可补充血容量

能纠正低钠和酸中毒

低熔合金铸造包埋材料

中熔合金铸造包埋材料

高熔合金铸造包埋材料

铸钛包埋材料 E．以上均不是

3.75

4.75

5.75

9.25

0-1％～0.2％

0.6％

0.8％～1.0％

1.6％

2％