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The World in a Glass: Six Drinks That Changed History
Tom Standage urges drinkers to savor the history of their favorite beverages along with the taste.
The author of A History of the World in 6 Glasses (Walker & Company, June 2005), Standage lauds the libations that have helped shape our world from the Stone Age to the present day.
“The important drinks are still drinks that we enjoy today,” said Standage, a technology editor at the London-based magazine the Economist.“They are relics(纪念物) of different historical periods still found in our kitchens.”
Take the six-pack, whose contents first fizzed at the dawn of civilization.
Beer
The ancient Sumerians, who built advanced city-states in the area of present-day Iraq, began fermenting(发酵) beer from barley at least 6,000 years ago.
“When people started agriculture, the first crops they produced were barley or wheat.You consume those crops as bread and as beer,” Standage noted.“It's the drink associated with the dawn of civilization.It's as as that.”
Beer was popular with the masses from the beginning.
“Beer would have been something that a common person could have had in the house and made whenever they wanted,” said Linda Bisson, a microbiologist at the Department of Viticulture and Enology at the University of California, Davis.
“The guys who built the pyramids were paid in beer and bread,” Standage added.“It was the defining drink of Egypt and Mesopotamia.Everybody drank it.Today it's the drink of the working man, and it was then as well.”
Wine
Wine may be as old or older than beer-though no one can be certain.
Paleolithic humans probably sampled the first “wine”as the juice of naturally fermented wild gs.But producing and storing wine proved difficult for early cultures.
“To make wine you have to have fresh gs,” said Bisson, the UC Davis microbiologist.“For beer you can just store grain and add water to process it at any time.”
wine also demanded pottery that could preserve the precious liquid.
“Wine may be easier to make than beer, but it's harder to store,” Bisson added.“For most ancient cultures it would have been hard to catch fermenting g juice as wine on its way to becoming vinegar.”
Such caveats and the expense of producing wine helped the beverage quickly gain more cachet(威望)than beer.Wine was originally associated with social elites and religious activities.
Wine snobbery may be nearly as old as wine itself.Greeks and Romans produced many grades of wine for various social classes.
The quest for quality became an economic engine and later drove cultural expansion.
“Once you had regions like Greece and Rome that could distinguish themselves as good stuff, it gave them an economic boost,” Bisson said.“Beer just wasn't as special.”
Spirits
Hard liquor, particularly brandy and rum, placated(安抚)sailors during the long sea voyages of the Age of Exploration, when European powers plied the seas during the 15th, 16th, and early 17th centuries.
Rum played a crucial part of the triangular trade between Britain, Africa, and the North American colonies that once dominated the Atlantic economy.
Standage also suggests that rum may have been more responsible than tea for the independence movement in Britain's American colonies.
“Distilling molasses for rum was very important to the New England economy,” he explained.“When the British tried to tax molasses, it struck at the heart of the economy.The idea of‘no taxation without representation’originated with molasses and sugar.Only at the end did it refer to tea.”
Great Britain's longtime superio

A.
Y
B.
N
C.
NG
题目标签:威望发酵
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【单选题】沼气发酵要求严格的()。

A.
好气条件
B.
嫌气条件
C.
好气嫌气均可
D.
pH

【单选题】下列属于发酵酒的是( )。

A.
四特酒
B.
女儿红
C.
伏特加
D.
江小白

【单选题】President Coolidge’s statement, ’The business of America is business," still points to an important truth today--that business institutions have more prestige (威望) in American society than any other k...

A.
its absolute control of power
B.
its function in preserving personal freedom
C.
its role in protecting basic American values
D.
its democratic way of exercising leadership

【单选题】发酵的电子受体是( )

A.
分子氧
B.
无机物
C.
化合态氧
D.
自身未氧化完全的中间产物

【单选题】六神曲发酵的目的是( )。

A.
改变原有性能
B.
除去非药用部位
C.
分离不同的药用部位
D.
去除杂质,洁净药物
E.
除去药物中可溶于水的毒性物质