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【简答题】
Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.
People usually communicate by spoken and written language, yet they can also communicate without words and this kind of communication often is more important than getting the content of the message across. Body language falls into this category of communication.
Ⅰ. Need for body language
1) When connecting with a person, we have to make it clear how the content of a spoken message needs to be (1) .
And how we do this tells something about (2) between people.
2) Often (3) are inadequate for this purpose, and therefore we use body language.
— e.g. looking someone in the eyes means something different than not looking someone in the eyes
Ⅱ. Functions and features of body language
1) Body language decides to a large extent (4) of our communication, and therefore we should
— learn to use our body language for a purpose
— learn to understand and explain body language of others
2) How we can explain body language depends on
— situation
— culture
— relationship we have with the person
— (5) of the other
3) Body language is interlinked with
— spoken language
— a whole pattern of (6) from a person
4) Body language signs can (7) each other to
— make a meaning clear
— strengthen the meaning of what we communicate
5) Some groups have developed a whole specific body language which can be very explicit in its meaning and is used to communicate where the use of words may be difficult or erous.
Ⅲ. Specific use of body language
1) Body language is used especially to express feelings.
—People may give out double messages: one message in words and an (8) message in body language.
— Most people believe more steadily their impression of how a person acts through body language than what is said through words.
— People tend to (9) the spoken words if they do not correspond with the body language.
2) How we come across to someone is decided only for a small part by the words we speak but for a large part by our body language.
— To leave a good impression, it is important for us to know and control our body language.
— The person on the receiving end of our body language will have a feeling or impression difficult to describe, which is called (10) .
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【单选题】In this passage, agents of socialization refer to (). A．the media B．individuals C．all channels D．organizations
A.
The first and most important agents of socialization are the people who care for infants. In the earliest months, messages from nurturers constitute the child’s basic understanding of the world around it. This is the infant’s first introduction to the language that shapes perception and elicits emotion.
B.
Another powerful source of information and socialization is the friendship of peers. Peers are equals that one can deal with on the same level as oneself, whereas parents are superiors. The heavy emotional overlay of family relationships makes some kinds of learning difficult.
C.
Much formal socialization is placed in the hands of professionals. Teachers from kindergarten on are specifically designated agents of socialization. Ideally, a teacher is one who has both knowledge and the skills to present it. During the course of teaching their subjects, classroom instructors provide role models and attempt to convey the excitement of learning itself.
D.
In earlier times, parents, friends and teachers would comprise the list of primary childhood socializers. Children’s books, comics and magazines might also have been mentioned as sources of information on norms and role models. Today one must add three powerful indirect or non-personal socialization agents: radio, movies and television. Many people learn about politics, form a vision of well-being, and develop attitudes towards others from what they see on the screen and hear through the speakers.
【单选题】6（） A.aspirations B.inspirations C.perspiration D.persuasion
A.
A manager hoping to blossom as a business leader must develop the skill to communicate effectively. One of the foremost tasks of a leader is to create (1) to a cause. To do that he must first communicate to build mutual understanding.
B.
(2) a manager communicates mostly to (3) information, a leader uses communications to build relationships. A manager overwhelms others with details and still (4) them cold. A leader (5) their hearts by combining his vision with their (6) in a common cause.
C.
Most Asian business leaders are instinctively (7) relationship building (8) direct communications. But they don’t use the mass media so well. While face to face communications is (9) , it’s not enough in today’s big business.
D.
(10) their western (11) , they are not so much frightened by mass media’s potential to magnify, distort, and expose. The problem lies more in the (12) of professional support (13) to them. In most Asian companies the public affairs function either does not exist or is (14) routine chores removed from helping the CEO to communicate with wide audiences. The reason primarily that the (15) communications officers are placed quite low in the organizational hierarchy.
E.
Asia’s need for business leaders who are (16) in using mass media to involve the public (17) the economic development dream has never been greater. Television and the print media have an enormous (18) on the public perception of business. Our business leaders have not yet laced an unsympathetic press. They should start now (19) the day may not be too far away (20) they are suddenly forced to enter the perilous arena of public communications.
【单选题】（9）处填入（）。 A．over B．in C．at D．about
A.
In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the (1) half of the 19th century; most of (2) were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U. S. , the day-nursery movement received great (3) during the First World War, when (4) of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established (5) in munitions (军火)plants, under direct government sponsorship. (6) the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose (7) , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First World War, (8) , Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control (9) the day nurseries by (10) them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.
B.
The (11) of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were (12) called upon to replace men in the factories. On this (13) the U. S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, (14) $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities (15) this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared (16) in day-care centers receiving Federal (17) Soon afterward, the Federal government (18) cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later (19) them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their (20) at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.
C.