Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire” is one example. Another is the rise of despots() like Hitler. Both these examples also point out the fact that attitudes come from experiences. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative(累积的). The Nazis got certain ideas largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.
　 The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a key position to influence(影响) attitudes. This is true partly because children obtain attitudes from those s who they respect.
　 Another reason is that pupils are often curious about a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who has previously got little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of dealing with such a unit will greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
　　However, when children go to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to change their feelings by praising or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain good experiences.
For example, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably change their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussio n, research outside reading and all-day trips.
　　 Finally a teacher must not constantly show her own attitudes because her influence can be no good if she has personal prejudices(偏见). This is especially true in respect to controversial(引起争议的) questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective ysis(分析) of all the facts.
小题1:. The passage mainly tells us _____.A．attitudes affect our actionsB．teachers play an important role in develop ing children’s attitudesC．attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiencesD．teachers gradually affect pupils’ attitudes by their attitudes小题2:. In the first paragraph the writer gives us two examples to _____.A．show that attitudes come from experiencesB．compare with each otherC．show all experiences are direct and impressiveD．tell experiences from attitudes小题3:.When children in school have unpleasant attitudes, teachers should _____.A．change their feelings by scolding themB．think highly of their good attitudesC．help them by giving them good experiencesD．take no notice of their feelings小题4:.The passage specially states in the last paragraph that _____.A．direct experiences are more valuable than indirect onesB．what a child learns in school has already been introduced at homeC．teachers can sometimes have a bad influence on childrenD．teachers should always cover up their own attitudes