Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer" the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.
Marriage may improve your sleep, and better sleep may improve your marriage, two new studies suggest.
Women who are married or who have stable partners appear to sleep better than women who have never married or lost a partner, according to research from an eight-year study presented at the Associated Professional Sleep Societies annual meeting. They also found that marital (婚姻的) happiness lowers the risk of sleep problems, while marital conflict heightens the risk.
Although married women overall slept more soundly than unmarried women, the researchers, from the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, did identify a "newly-wed" effect. Women who were single at the start of the study but gained a partner had more restless sleep than women who were already married. The researchers speculated that newly married women were less adjusted to sleeping with their partner than those who had been married longer.
The study included 360 middle-aged African-American, Caucasian (高加索的) and Chinese-American women who had taken part in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. Researchers used in-home sleep studies, activity monitors to track sleep-wake patterns and relationship histories to look at the effect stable marriages, unstable marriages and marital transitions, such as a divorce, had on sleep.
Another small study of 29 couples found that on a daily basis, the quality of a couple’s relationship and the quality of their sleep are closely linked.
In that study, from the University of Arizona, 29 heteroual (异性的) couples who shared a bed and did not have children completed sleep and relationship diaries for a week. The results showed that when men get better sleep, they are more likely to feel positive about their relationship the next day. And for women, problems in the relationship were strongly associated with poor sleep for both themselves and their partner.
"When we look at the data on a day-by-day basis, there seems to be a vicious cycle in which sleep affects next-day relationship functioning, and relationship functioning affects the subsequent night’s sleep," said principal investigator Brant Hasler, a clinical psychology doctoral candidate at the University of Arizona, in a press release. "In this cycle, conflict with one’s partner during the day leads to worse sleep that night, which leads to more conflict the following day."
The data from both studies suggest that sleep and relationship happiness are closely linked. The lesson for couples, especially those who are struggling with problems, is that paying attention to sleep habits may help solve other issues in the relationship. Directions:Answer Sheet 2To see how states of marriage influenced sleep, researchers installed some equipment in subjects’ home to monitor their ______ and record how their relationships went.