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【简答题】

When I was a psychiatric resident, we had a faculty member who was famous for his messy office: stacks of papers and old journals covered every chair and table as well as much of the floor. ually, the faculty member had to be given another office in which to see patients. Not surprisingly, the psychiatric diagnostic manual does riot list "messy room" in the index. But it does mention a tantalizing symptom: inability "to discard worn-out or worthless objects even when they have no sentimental value." It comes under the diagnosis obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, an obscure cousin of the more famous obsessive-compulsive disorder(强迫性神经官能症) I was barely aware of the diagnosis. Every era has mental disorders that for cultural or scientific reasons become popular. In Freud"s day it was hysteria. Currently, depression has moved to center stage. But other ailments go relatively ignored, and this disorder was one. (46) It came with a list of additional symptoms: anxiety about spending money, excessive devotion to work to the exclusion of leisure activities, rigidity about following rules, perfectionism in doing tasks—at times to the point of interfering with finishing them. (47) In moderation, the symptoms seemed to fit right in with our workaholic culture—perhaps explaining the low profile of the diagnosis. Relentless work orientation and perfectionism may even be assets in rule-and-detail-oriented professions like accounting or law. But when the symptoms are too intense or pervasive, they become crippling. Beneath the seemingly adaptive behaviors lies a central disability. People with this diagnosis have enormous difficulty in decisions. (48) They lack the internal sense of completion that most of us experience at the end of a choice or a task, even one as as throwing something out or a purchase. In obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, this feeling occurs only after endless deliberation and revision, if at all. (49) The need to come up with the "correct" answer, the best purchase or the perfect proposal leads to excess rumination over each decision. It can even lead to complete paralysis. For such people, rules of all kinds are a godsend they represent pre-made decisions. Open-ended assignments, like writing papers, are nightmares. For such a patient or for a psychiatrist, understanding a cluster of diagnostic symptoms can be a revelation. The picture leaps out from the previously disorganized background. (50) But undoubtedly, at times we can become too reductionistic, seeing patterns where none exist: sometimes a messy room is just a messy room.

题目标签:神经官能症
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【多选题】用于治疗神经官能症的抗焦虑药为

A.
地西泮
B.
氯氮革
C.
甲丙氨酯
D.
甲喹酮
E.
水合氯醛

【单选题】关于心脏神经官能症的描述错误的是()

A.
本症多发于老年女性
B.
由症于自主神经功能失调,致心血管功能紊乱而引起
C.
该病属于一种临床综合征
D.
发病多与精神、情绪等有关
E.
过度疲劳可引起心脏神经官能症

【单选题】心绞痛与心脏神经官能症的主要鉴别依据是

A.
胸痛的部位
B.
胸痛的性质
C.
胸痛持续的时间
D.
心电图检查
E.
血沉

【单选题】关于心脏神经官能症的描述不正确的是()。

A.
发病多与精神、情绪等有关
B.
本症多发于老年女性
C.
该病属于一种临床综合征
D.
由于自主神经功能失调,致心血管功能紊乱而引起
E.
过度疲劳可引起心脏神经官能症

【单选题】心脏神经官能症的胸痛是

A.
增加心肌需氧量诱发的心绞痛
B.
无心肌耗氧量增加时发生的心绞痛
C.
冠状动脉痉挛导致的心绞痛
D.
心尖部针刺样痛,部位不固定,持续数秒钟
E.
胸骨后压榨感持续半小时以上

【单选题】神经官能症与重性精神病的鉴别主要在于( )

A.
对所患疾病有认识
B.
情绪改变突出
C.
幻觉不明显
D.
有躯体不适诉述
E.
睡眠不佳

【单选题】关于心脏神经官能症,下列哪项不正确的是()

A.
多见于女性
B.
多见于老年人
C.
由自主神经功能紊乱引起
D.
可伴有心前区疼痛

【单选题】心绞痛与心脏神经官能症的主要鉴别依据是()

A.
胸痛的部位 
B.
胸痛的性质 
C.
胸痛持续的时间 
D.
心电图检查 
E.
血沉