The Olympic s
Origins
The ancient Greeks first had the idea of, getting men together every four years to hold and witness sporting s．All wars and fighting had to stop while the athletes and their supporters came together in the town of Olympia for a few days to compote in a few s, mostly related to wars: throwing the javelin (标枪), running, wrestling (摔跤), boxing and so on.
The first written reference to the s is 776 B.C．They lasted until 389 A.D．The idea of having the modem s was suggested in the mid-19th century but they weren't a world until' 1896．Besides being postponed because of wars, they have been held since then every four years in different cities around the world.
Symbols
The Olympic s have many important symbols that most people recognize．The five rings that appear on the Olympic flag represent the five continents．The flag is raised in the host city and then flown to the next one where it is kept until the next s．The Olympic torch, a major part of the ancient s, was brought back in 1928 and is carried with great fanfare (号角) and publicity to the host city where it lights the burning flame of the s．It is kept burning until the close of the s.
The torch, fanfare and flag are clearly evident in the Opening Ceremony, when everyone formally welcomes the participants and the s can begin．Here we find the dramatic and colorful March of Nations, in which all the athletes from each country go into the stadium to the sound of their country's national song and march behind their flags, thus becoming representatives of their countries.
Medals
In the ancient s, only the winner was celebrated．Each winner was given a crown of olive leaves to wear on his head．This was the only reward for his victory．Those who came in second or third got nothing．Interestingly, when the s started again in 1896, silver medals were given to the first place winners．Later in 1904 in the St．Louis s, gold was the top prize．Now, of course we have gold for first place, silver for second and bronze for third.
Motto
The Olympics' official motto is 'Citius, Altius, Fortius'．This is Latin for 'Swifter, Higher, Stronger'．This is said to represent the Olympic spirit, supposed to be present throughout the s and generally held to be a celebration of brotherhood, competition, sportsmanship, goodwill and peace．The s help us see how similar we are, and help us celebrate our humanity.
People
As in ancient times, those who participate in the s are famous for the rest of their lives．Today, it's estimated that some 100,000 people have competed in the s．These athletes, all supposed to be s (people who play and get no money for their play), have to qualify or win regional and national s．They often play on their countries' national teams．When they start playing, they become competitors or opponents on the playing field.
Officials and scorekeepers monitor their play, and judges score their performances．Spectators watch the s, and fans cheer the athletes on.
Helping the athletes in their chosen sports are their trainers and coaches．Helping the athletes in their business affairs are their agents and managers．Sometimes athletes have sponsors and after the s are over the athletes become spokesmen for companies.
The Olympic s also require people to take on the jobs of announcers, commentators and broadcasters．These people comment on, report and describe the s that are happening and tell us about the standings of the countries and the athletes who play the s.
Unfortunate s in world history (the 1972 Munich Olympics) mean that security is a major concern for the s．Thus the Olympics also employs