A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D

Whatever our differences as human beings are, we all think we’re more like the rest of the animal world than we realize. It is said that we share 40 percent of our genetic (遗传的) structure with the simple worm.

But that fact has helped Sir John Sulston win the 2002 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Sir John is the founder of the Sanger Institute in Cambridge, which was set up in 1992 to get further understanding of the human genuine (染色体组).

To help them do this, they turned to the worm. The nematode (线虫类的) worm is one of the earliest creatures on planet earth. It is less than one millimeter long, completely transparent and spends its entire life digging holes through sand. But it still has lots to say about human life, and what can be done to make it better.

What the worm told Sir John and his colleagues was that each of cells in the human body is programmed like a computer. They grow, develop and die according to a set of instructions that are coded in our genetic make-up.

Many of the diseases that humans suffer from happen when these instructions go wrong or are not obeyed. When the cell refuses to die but carries on growing instead, this leads to cancer. Heart attacks and diseases like AIDS cause more cell deaths than normal, increasing the damage they do to the body. Sir John was the first scientist to prove the existence of programmed cell death.

The medical world is gradually realizing that the quality of the (36) in hospitals may play an important (37) to help patients to get better.

As (38) of nationwide effort in Britain to bring (39) out (40) the museums and into (41) places, some of the country’s best artists have (42) in to change older hospital and to soften the (43) edges of modern buildings. Of the 2500 national health service hospitals in Britain, almost 100 now have very valuable collections of present art in passages, waiting areas and treatment rooms.

These recent movements first (44) by one artist, Peter Senior, who set up his studio at a Manchester hospital on northeastern England during the early 1970s. He felt the artist had lost his place in modern society, and (45) he should be enjoyed by a wider audience.

A common hospital waiting room might have (46) 5 000 visitors each week, what a better place to hold regular exhibitions of art! Senior held the first exhibition of his own paintings in the out-patients waiting area of the Manchester Royal Hospital in 1975. Believed to lie Britain’s first hospital artist, Senior was so much (47) that he was soon joined (48) a team of six young art school graduates.

The effect is (49) , now in file (50) and waiting rooms the visitors (51) a full view of fresh colors, playful images and restful countyards.

The quality of the environment may (52) the used for expensive drugs when a patient is (53) from all illness. A study has shown that (54) who halt a view onto garden needed half the number of strong pain killers compared (55) patients who had no view at all or only a brick wall to look at.

增加肋片的导热系数

增大肋片的表面传热系数

减小肋片的厚度

增加肋片的长度

Most of the animals have little connection with animals of a different kind, unless they hunt them for food. Sometimes, however, two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴关系) which is good for both of them. You may see some birds sitting on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生虫) on sheep. The sheep allow the lairds to do so because they move the cause of discomfort. So although they can live without each other, they do better together.

Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners can not live without each other. This is so in the corals (珊瑚) of the sea. In their skins there are tiny plants which act as "dustmen", taking some of the waste products from the corals and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are even prevented from receiving light so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.

M: Have you done this before

W: No. But if we follow the directions, we shouldn’t have any trouble.

受温度影响较大

必须采用稳压电源供电

不能配用通用的动圈仪表

灵敏度低

肺癌

肺气肿

肺心病

肺结核

支气管炎

血府逐瘀汤

左归丸

枳实薤白桂枝汤

补阳还五汤

右归丸

如图所示，测定一阀门的局部阻力系数，在阀门的上下游装设了3个测压管，其间距L₁=1m，L₂=2m，若直径d=50mm，实测H₁=150cm，H₂=125cm，H₃=40cm，流速v=3m/s，阀门的ζ值为（）。