Psychologist Alfred Adler suggested that the primary goal of the psyche (灵魂、精神) was superiority. Although 1 he believed that individuals struggled to achieve superiority over others, Adler, ually 2 a more complex definition of the drive for superiority. Adler's concept of striving for superiority does not 3 the everyday meaning of the word superiority. He did not mean that we innately (天生地) seek to 4 one another in rank or position, 5 did he mean that we seek to 6 an attitude of exaggerated importance over our peers. 7 . Adler's drive for superiority involves the desire to be competent and effective, complete and thorough, in 8 one strives to do. Striving for superiority occasionally takes the 9 of an exaggerated lust for power. An individual may seek to play god and 10 control over objects and people. The goal may introduce an 11 tendency into our lives, in which we play s of “dog eat dog”. But such expressions of the desire for superiority do not 12 its more positive, constructive nature. 13 Adler, striving for superiority is innate and is part of the struggle for 14 that human beings share with other species in the process of evolution. From this 15 . life is not 16 by the need to reduce tension or restore 17 as Sigmund Freud tended to think; 18 , life is encouraged by the desire to move from below to above, from minus to plus, from inferior to superior. The particular ways in which individuals 19 their quest (追求) for superiority are 20 by their culture, their unique history. and their style of life. 1.[A] instinctively [B] initially [C] presumably [D] invariably 2.[A] designed [B] devised [C] manipulated [D] developed 3.[A] refer to [B] point to [C] comply with [D] stand up for 4.[A] surpass [B] overpass [C] overthrow [D] pursue 5.[A] or [B] never [C] hardly [D] nor 6.[A] retain [B] sustain [C] maintain [D] obtain 7.[A] Rather [B] Despite [C] Though [D] Thus 8.[A] which [B] that [C] whichever [D] whatever 9.[A] form [B] format [C] formation [D] shape 10.[A] operate [B] speculate [C] exercise [D] resume 11.[A] ambiguous [B] intricate [C] deliberate [D] hostile 12.[A] reflect [B] abide [C] glorify [D] project 13.[A] According to [B] In terms of [C] Regardless of [D] In view of 14.[A] survivor [B] survival [C] durability [D] consistency 15.[A] respective [B] prospect [C] profile [D] perspective 16.[A] motivated [B] animated [C] inspired [D] elevated 17.[A] equation [B] equivalent [C] equilibrium [D] equality 18.[A] subsequently [B] instead [C] consequently [D] otherwise 19.[A] undermine [B] overtake [C] fling [D] undertake 20.[A] determined [B] resolved [C] consolidated [D] reinforced