用表中的基团增量数值证明或驳倒下面的观点： a．支链烷烃比直链烷烃更稳定。 b．对于直链烯烃而言，位于中间的双键比末端双键更稳定。 c．烯烃的氢化通常比类似的羰基化合物的氢化放热更多。 常见官能团的基团贡献值(单位：kcal/mol) 基团 Delta H_{f}^{ominus } 基团 Delta H_{f}^{ominus } 基团 Delta H_{f}^{ominus } C—(H) 3 (C) -10.20 C d —(C B )(C) 8. C—(C d )(C) 2 (H) -1.48 C—(H) 2 (C) 2 -4.93 C d —(C d ) 2 4.6 C—(C B )(C) 2 (H) -0.98 C—(H)(C) 3 -1.90 C B —(H) 3.30 C—(C d )(C) 3 1.68 C—(C) 4 0.50 C B —(C) 5.51 C—(C B )(C) 3 2.81 C d —(H) 2 6.26 C B —(C d ) 5.68 C—(O)(C) 3 -6.6 C d —(H)(C) 8.59 C B —(C B ) 4.96 C—(O)(C) 2 (H) -7.2 C d —(C) 2 10.34 C—(C d )(C)(H) 2 -4.76 C—(O)(C)(H) 2 -8.1 C d —(C d )(H) 6.78 C—(C d ) 2 (H) 2 -4.29 C—(O)(H) 3 -10.08 C d —(C d )(C) 8.88 C—(C d )(C B )(H) 2 -4.29 C—(O)(C B )(H) 2 -8.1 C d —(C B )(H) 6.78 C—(C B )(C)(H) 2 -4.86 C—(O)(C d )(H) 2 -6.5 C B —(0) -0.9 CO—(O)(C) 35.1 N—(C) 3 24.4 O—(C) 2 -23.2 CO—(O)(H) -32.1 N—(C B )(H) 2 4.8 O—(C)(H) -37.9 CO—(O)(C d ) -32.0 N—(C B )(C)(H) 14.9 O—(C d ) 2 -33.0 CO—(O)(C B ) -36.6 N—(C B )(C) 2 26.2 O—(C d )(C) 30.5 CO—(C d )(H) 29.1 N—(C B ) 2 (H) 16.3 O—(C B ) 2 -21.1 O—(CO)(C) -43.1 N 1 —(H) 16.3 O—(C B )(C) -23.0 O—(CO)(H) -58.1 N 1 —(C) 21.3 O—(C B )(H) -37.9 C d (CO)(C) 7.5 N 1 —(CB) 16.7 C—(CO)(C) 3 1.58 C d —(CO)(H) 5.0 CO—(N)(H) 29.6 C—(CO)(C) 2 (H)) 1.83 C—(O) 2 (C) 2 -18.6 CO—(N)(C) -32.8 C—(CO)(C)(H) 2 -5.0 C—(O) 2 (C)(H) -16.3 N—(CO)(H) 2 14.9 C—(CO)(H) 3 -10.08 C—(O) 2 (H) 2 -16.1 N—(CO)(C)(H) 4.4 CB—(CO) 9.7 C—(N)(H) 3 -10.08 N—(CO)(C) 2 — CO—(C) 2 -31.4 C—(N)(C)(H) 2 -6.6 N—(CO)(C B )(H) 0.4 CO—(C)(H) -29.1 C—(N)(C) 2 (H) -5.2 N—(CO) 2 (H) -18.5 CO—(H) 2 -26.0 C—(N)(C) 3 3.2 N—(CO) 2 (C) -5.9 CO—(CB)2 25.8 C B —(N) -0.5 N—(CO) 2 (CB) -0.5 CO—(CB)(C) -30.9 N—(C)(H) 2 4.8 CO—(CB)(H) -29.1 N—(C) 2 (H) 15.4