A great deal has been done to remedy the situation.

Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world’ s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth’ s suce; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.

That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute. Africa and South America, for example, are moving away from earth other as new material is injected into the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth’ s interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving in opposite directions or whether one continent is stationary and the other is drifting away from it. Hot spots, anchored in the deeper layers of the earth, provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the question. From an ysis of the hot spot population it appears that the African plate is stationary and that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.

The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental plate comes to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures(cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier theories have explained the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain their mutability(inconstancy).

2002年1月

2003年1月

2005年1月

2008年1月

疏风清热，宣肺止咳

清熟化痰，宽胸止咳

清热解毒，化痰开窍

益气养阴，回阳固脱

益气养阴，润肺化痰

表、查询或视图

自由表或其他报表

数据库表、 自由表或查询

数据库表、自由表、视图或临时表

持续时间最长

资源消耗最少

直接费最少

直接费用率最小

利福平

PAS

乙胺丁醇

吡嗪酰胺

异烟肼

一夫一妻

同姓不婚

父母之命

六礼必备

血清淀粉酶

尿淀粉酶

血清脂肪酶

转肽酶

CA19-9

Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Galileo’ s 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blake’ s harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between sciences and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.

Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could effort to ignore its critics--but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked "antiscience" in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul Regress, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Leavitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon Haunted World, by Car Satan of Cornell University.

Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from Science and Reason", held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Miss)information," which assembled last June near Buffalo.

Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Leavitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics, that have questioned science’ s objectivity. Saga is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.

A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, those manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre - technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.

The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer, and other consequences of industrial growth.

Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in er of becoming meaningless. "The term ’ antiscience can lump together too many, quite different things," notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science.

"They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened."

正确

错误