【单选题】
A recent study, published in last week"s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a age driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal accident as a ager driving alone. By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.The authors also found that the death rates for age drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight, with passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for age drivers have less to do with "really stupid behavior" than with just a lack of driving experience. "The basic issue," He says, "is that s who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is. " Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使......缓解) the problem is to have states institute so-called graduated licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage process. A graduated license requires that a ager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an , followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges. Graduated licensing systems have reduced age driver crashes, according to recent studies. About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers. California is the strictest, with a novice (新手) driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20 (with-out the presence of an over 25) for the first six months. (311 words) The present situation in about half of the states is that the graduated licensing system______.
C.
has been put into effect
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