In the United States the first day nursery was opened in 1854．Nurseries were established in various areas during the【C1】______ half of the 19th century; most of【C2】______ were charitable．Both in Europe and in the U．S．, the day-nursery movement received great【C3】______ during the First World War, when【C4】______ of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented (空前的) numbers of women．In some European countries nurseries were established【C5】______ in munitions (军火) plants, under direct government sponsorship.【C6】______ the number of nurseries in the U.S．also rose 【C7】______ , this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind．During the years following the First World War,【C8】______ , Federal, State, and local governments gradually began to exercise a measure of control【C9】______ the day nurseries, chiefly by【C10】______ them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.
The【C11】______ of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were【C12】______ called up on to replace men in the factories．On this【C13】______ the U．S．government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools,【C14】______ ＄6, 000, 000 in July, 1942, for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers．Many States and local communities【C15】______ this Federal aid．By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100, 000 children were being cared【C16】______ in daycare centers receiving Federal【C17】______ ．Soon afterward, the Federal government【C18】______ cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later【C19】______ them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation．However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their【C20】______ at the end of the war was only partly fulfilled.
【C1】