根据下列材料，请回答下列各题 Cancer-Fighting Food Some foods and spices contain compounds and properties that put them in the category of cancer-fightingfoods. That means you have an opportunity to fight cancer-lung cancer, stomach cancer, and more-every timeyou have a meal, snack, or beverage if you include some of these natural cancer killers in your daily diet. Research into the anticancer abilities of various foods and spices has revealed some have more potential to per or reducethe risk of certain cancers than others. With that in mind, here is our list of the top cancer-fighting foods. Beans Beans are one of the best sources of plant protein and provide an excellent amount of fiber, but they are alsoan important part of a nutritious diet because they have cancer-fighting potential as well. A group of researchers atColorado State University reported on the anticancer abilities of beans. They noted that unlike vegetables, in whichthe more colorful ones typically contain more phytonutrients ( 植物营养素) and disease fighting power, theyfound that white kidney beans have greater impact on cancer cells than navy beans, and that more colorful beanshave milder effects. In other research, the dietary habits of more than 490,000 people were followed and comparedwith their impact on risk of head and neck cancers, which include cancer of the mouth, throat, and larynx. Foodsthat were found to be especially protective against these cancers included beans, carrots, and tomatoes, amongothers. A Loma Linda University research also reported that people who ate beans at least three times a week had a33% reduced risk of colon polyps (which often lead to colon cancer). A cancer prion diet should include avariety of beans, which can be enjoyed in soups, salads, casseroles, and even on their own. Carrots Carrots are an excellent source of beta-carotene (β-胡萝卜素), a potent antioxidant (抗氧化剂) that hasbeen associated with a reduced risk of various cancers, including mouth, throat, colon, stomach, ~nd bladder. Astudy in Urology (《泌尿学》杂志), for example, named carrots and cruciferous (十字花科蔬菜) vegetables asagents associated with a reduced risk of bladder(膀胱) cancer. A National Cancer Institute study also namedcarrots as helping reduce the risk of mouth and throat cancers. In addition to beta-carotene, carrots also have acancer-fighting substance called falcarinol(镰叶芹醇). A study of falcarinol and intestinal cancer cells showedthat falcarinol inhibited proliferation (扩散) of the cells. A research has indicated beta-carotene increases the risk of lung cancer, but the study involved beta-carotene supplementation, not eating carrots, and the higher risk wasseen in smokers. To get the most benefit from this anticancer food, enjoy raw carrots because they retain more oftheir nutritional value than cooked carrots, although raw or cooked, carrots are an important part of any cancerprion diet. Cayenne Peppers (辣椒)and Capsaicin ( 辣椒素) Cayenne peppers provide capsaicin, a substance that has demonstrated its cancer-fighting abilities in severalareas. In one laboratory study from 2007, for example, capsaicin slowed the growth of prostate (前列腺) cancercells and prompted apoptosis (cell suicide), while a subsequent study found similar results regarding apoptosis andprostate cancer cells. Lung cancer is common among men, and investigators at Marshall University in WestVirginia recently reported that 'capsaicin could be useful in the therapy of human SCLC (small cell lung cancer).'Capsaicin also appears to have a role in fighting stomach cancer, as a recent study found. When capsaicin wasadded to conventional medical treatment (the anticancer drug, cisplatin), the capsaicin prompted apoptosis ofcisplatin-resistant stomach cancer cells. Garlic Garlic does more than keep vampires ( 吸血鬼) away-the popular herb also contains allium compounds (蒜葱素) that enhance the activity of immune system cells designed to fight cancer. These compounds, called diallylsulfur (二烯丙基硫化物), may block carcinogens (致癌物) from getting into cells and also slow the developmentof tumors (肿瘤). People who regularly eat raw or cooked garlic may enjoy about half the risk of stomach cancerand two-thirds the risk of colorectal (结肠直肠癌) cancer when compared with people who eat little or nogarlic, according to a study in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. A number of subsequent studies in boththe laboratory and in animals have also indicated that garlic components have cancer-fighting properties. In a newstudy (February 2012) from China, researchers found evidence that a compound derived from garlic calledSallylcysteine showed some anticancer effects against human prostate cancer cells in the laboratory. Garlic is aversatile herb that can easily be incorporated into a cancer-fighting diet. Mushrooms A number of different mushrooms have demonstrated cancer-fighting properties. The anticancer abilities areattributed to polysaccharides (多醣体), including beta glucan (葡聚糖), which enhance the immune system andstrengthen it against cancer. Mushrooms also contain complex protein/sugar molecules called lectin (外源凝集素), which have an ability to pr cancer cells from multiplying. Another compound in mushrooms isergosterol peroxide( 麦角甾醇过氧化物), which can inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells and promptapoptosis, according to a study reported in Chemico Biological Interactions. In a recent South Korean study,scientists noted that the yamatake ( 山伏茸) mushroom demonstrated potential against human leukemia( 白血病 ). Use of a shiitake(香菇) extract in cancer patients produced promising results. The researchers found thatpatients with gastrointestinal ( 胃肠的) cancer or breast cancer who took the mushroom extract along withchemotherapy experienced better quality of life and improved immune function. Raspberries ( 树莓) Raspberries are an excellent source of antioxidants and phytonutrients called anthocyanins (花青素 ), whichmay protect against cancer. In a study published in Cancer Research, rats given a diet containing 5% to 10% blackraspberries had a 43% to 62% decrease in the number of esophageal (食管的) tumors. In subsequent studies, blackraspberry extracts inhibited the growth of colon cancer cells and also demonstrated activity against esophagealcancer in rats. In a recent Ohio State University study, black raspberry powder was given to patients who had colorectaicancer. The investigators found evidence that black raspberries had a positive impact on biomarkers of colorectalcancer, enough for them to conclude that additional studies of black raspberries 'for the prion of colorectalcancer in humans now appear warranted.' Raspberries may be an important part of a cancer prion diet. What did a group of researchers at Colorado State University do?