Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11（）

A．A wine taster.
B．A water taster.
C．The host of the show.
D．The engineer who works on the water treatment plant.

Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children’s success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it’s no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school.

It’s not quite that simple. "Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can’t be forced," says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-graders in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don’t seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve.

Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn’t suffer from an emotional or learning disability, or isn’t involved in some family crisis at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure that conveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn’t cool. "Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term, says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor at Stanford. You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth. " Over the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. "The message is that everything is within the kids’ control, that their intelligence is malleable," says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students’ interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, "parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, strategy and progress rather than emphasizing their ’smartness’ or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning. "

Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. "These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren’t considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence," says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children’s academic performance. Howard and other educators say it’s important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. "The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions," says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.

内脏性疼痛

躯体性疼痛

牵涉性疼痛

转移性疼痛

胆绞痛

sky

space

map

heaven

Two long legs

Two strong arms

Two people in love

Two big countries

The wife doesn’t have to raise the children all by herself

The husband doesn’t have to support the family all by himself

The wife is no longer the only person to manage the household

They will receive a large sum of money from the government

The whole of the United States cheered its latest hero, Ashley Smith, with the Federal Bureau of investigation saying it was planning to give a big reward to her for having a brave heart and wise mind.

(46) She was moving into her apartment in Atlanta, Georgia early on the morning of March 12, when a man followed her to her door and put a gun to her side. "I started walking to my door, and I felt really, really afraid," she said in a TV interview last week. The man was Brian Nichols, 33. He was suspected of killing three people at an Atlanta courthouse (法院)on March 11 and later of killing a federal agent. (47) .

Nichols tied Smith up with tape, but released her after she repeatedly begged him not to take her life. "I told him if he hurt me, my little girl wouldn’t have a mummy," she said. In order to calm the man down, she read to him from "The Purpose—Driven Life", a best-selling religious book. He asked her to repeat a paragraph "about what you thought your purpose in life was what talents were you given. " (48) . "I basically just talked to him and tried to gain his trust," Smith said.

Smith said she asked Nichols why he chose her. "He said he thought I was an angel sent from God, and we were Christian sister and brother," she said. "And that he was lost, and that God led him to me to tell him that he had hurt a lot of people. " (49) . She said Nichols was surprised when she made him breakfast and that the two of them watched television coverage(报道) of the police hunt for him. "I cannot believe that’s me," Nichols told the woman. Then, Nichols asked Smith what she thought he should do. She said, "I think you should turn yourself in. If you don’t, lots more people are going to get hurt. "

Eventually, he let her go. (50) . A US $ 60,000 reward had been posted for Nichols’ capture. Authorities said they did not yet know if Smith would be eligible(有资格的) for that money.