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【单选题】

Passage Five
A complex operation called spinal fusion has emerged as the treatment of choice for many kinds of back pain. But a number of researchers say there is little scientific evidence to show that for most patients, spinal fusion works any better than a r operation, the lamineetomy (椎板切除术). Some people would be better off with no surgery at all. Even doctors who favor fusions say that more research is needed on their benefits.
In the absence of better data, critics point to a different reason for the fusion operation’s fast rise: money. Medicare can pay a surgeon as much as four times more for a spinal fusion as for a laminectomy. Hospitals also collect two to four times as much. "We all cave in to market and economic forces," said Dr. Edward C. Benzel. Though doctors, as a rule, should favor the least complicated treatment—with surgery being the last resort — Dr. Benzel estimated that fewer than half of the spinal fusions done today were probably appropriate.
Doctors and hospitals are not the only players with a financial stake in fusion operations. Critics blame the companies that make the hardware for promoting more complex fusions without evidence that they are significantly more effective. Some sort of hardware is used in almost 90 percent of lower-back fusions and the national bill for the hardware alone has soared to $ 2.5 billion a year.
The hardware makers acknowledge giving surgeons millions of dollars for consulting and researches, but say the money promotes technical and medical advances that improve back care. But a lawsuit brought by Scott A. Wiese, a former sales representative of Medtronic-the biggest maker of spinal hardware, accused the company of trying to persuade surgeons to use its products with offers of first-class plane tickets to Hawaii and nights at the finest hotels. Medtronic said it did nothing wrong, and it denied the accusations in the lawsuit. But the company disclosed earlier this year that the federal government was investigating charges that it paid illegal kickbacks to surgeons. Federal officials declined to comment on the investigation, and Medtronic said it would vigorously defend itself.
Still, between the allure of money and the quest for breakthroughs in treatment, some prominent spinal surgeons say that back care has gone astray.
The hardware makers ______.

A.
have obtained enormous profits from the operation
B.
have invested heavily on the research of new products
C.
have helped doctors and hospitals gain more experience
D.
have successfully proved the effectiveness of their products
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举一反三

【单选题】胃大部切除术后可出现

A.
Charcot三联征
B.
Reynolds五联征
C.
Murphy征阳性
D.
倾倒综合征
E.
TUR综合征

【单选题】对肝癌病人行肝叶切除术时至少要保留

A.
正常肝组织的25%或肝硬变组织的30%
B.
正常肝组织的30%或肝硬变组织的50%
C.
正常肝组织的40%或肝硬变组织的40%
D.
正常肝组织的50%或肝硬变组织的60%

【单选题】禁忌采用腹腔镜胆囊切除术的是()。

A.
胆囊结石
B.
慢性胆囊炎
C.
胆囊息肉
D.
有出血倾向
E.
胆囊结石继发胆管结石

【单选题】乳房切除术适应于()。

A.
乳房慢性炎症
B.
乳头闭锁
C.
乳池狭窄
D.
乳房坏死或肿瘤

【单选题】A complex operation called spinal fusion has emerged as the treatment of choice for many kinds of back pain. But a number of researchers say there is little scientific evidence to show that for most p...

A.
has admitted paying kickbacks to surgeons
B.
has denied any financial deals with surgeons
C.
has been sued by its business competitor
D.
was being investigated by the government

【单选题】患者陈某,即将行胃大部切除术,术前医嘱:阿托品0.5mgHst,护士首先应做的是

A.
将其转抄至长期医嘱单上
B.
将其转抄至临时医嘱单和治疗单上
C.
在该项医嘱前划蓝钢笔“√”标记
D.
即刻给患者皮下注射阿托品0.5mg
E.
转抄至交班报告上,以便下一班护士查阅

【单选题】背部脂肪瘤切除术时适用()

A.
表面麻醉
B.
局部浸润麻醉
C.
硬膜外麻醉
D.
蛛网膜下腔麻醉
E.
全身麻醉

【单选题】不属于牙龈切除术的适应症的项为()

A.
牙周袋超过膜龈联合
B.
纤维性牙龈增生
C.
暴露临床牙冠,利于修复
D.
消除骨上袋
E.
有足够的附着龈