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Musicians-from karaoke singers to professional violin players-are better able to hear targeted sounds in a noisy environment, according to new research that adds to evidence that music makes the brain work better.
"In the past ten years there’s been an explosion of research on music and the brain," Aniruddh Patel, the Esther J. Burnham Senior Fellow at the Neurosciences Institute in San Diego, said today at a press briefing.
Most recently brain-imaging studies have shown that music activates many diverse parts of the brain, including an overlap in where the brain processes music and language.
Language is a natural aspect to consider in looking at how music affects the brain. Patel said. Like music, language is "universal, there’s a strong learning component, and it carries complex meanings."
For example, brains of people exposed to even casual musical training have an enhanced ability to generate the brain wave patterns associated with specific sounds, be they musical or spoken, said study leader Nina Kraus, director of the Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory at Northwestern University in Illinois.
Kraus’ previous research had shown that when a person listens to a sound, the brain wave recorded in response is physically the same as the sound wave itself. In fact "playing" the brain wave produces a nearly identical sound.
But for people without a trained ear for music, the ability to make these patterns decreases as background noise increases, experiments show. Musicians, by contrast, have subconsciously trained their brains to better recognize selective sound patterns, even as background noise goes up.
At the same time, people with certain developmental disorders, such as dyslexia (阅读障碍症), have a harder time hearing sounds amid the noise-a serious problem, for example, for students straining to hear the teacher in a noisy classroom.
Musical experience could therefore be a key therapy for children with dyslexia and similar languagerelated disorders, Kraus said.
In a similar vein, Harvard Medical School neuroscientist Gottfried Schlaug has found that stroke patients who have lost the ability to speak can be trained to say hundreds of phrases by singing them first.
In his research, Schlaug demonstrated the results of intensive musical therapy on patients with lesions (损伤) on the left sides of their brains, those areas most associated with language.
Before the therapy, these stroke patients responded to questions with largely incoherent sounds and phrases. But after just a few minutes with therapists, who asked them to sing phrases and tap their hands to the rhythm, the patients could sing "Happy Birthday," recite their addresses, and communicate if they were thirsty.
"The underdeveloped systems on the right side of the brain that respond to music became enhanced and changed structures," Schlaug said.
Overall, Schlaug said, the experiments show that "’music might be an alternative medium for engaging parts of the brain that are otherwise not engaged. \
How can stroke patients be treated in Schlaug’s findings

A.
They should utter a phrase a hundred times a day when starting the recovery training.
B.
They should chant phrases instead of saying them at the beginning stage of the training.
C.
Doctors should persuade them into singing songs every day to regain their speaking ability.
D.
They should practise singing the phrases after saying them hundreds of times every day.
题目标签:损伤阅读障碍
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【单选题】骨骺Salter-HarrisⅣ型损伤是指()

A.
骨骺与干骺端完全分离,整个骺板的所有层均断裂
B.
部分骺板断裂,可有干骺端小的骨折片仍与骨骺相连
C.
骨骺骨折延伸到干骺端,并波及关节面,部分与干骺端分离
D.
骨折线穿过干骺端、骺板和骨骺,多数也穿过关节软骨
E.
骺板的压缩性损伤,一般不伴有骨损伤,最初多无异常X线表现

【单选题】可以行保守治疗的肾损伤类型是

A.
肾挫伤
B.
肾全层裂伤
C.
肾蒂损伤
D.
肾碎裂

【单选题】阿米巴病组织损伤主要是由什么引起的()

A.
继发感染
B.
迟发型变态反应
C.
溶组织内阿米巴释放的毒素
D.
溶组织内阿米巴的机械性损伤
E.
溶组织内阿米巴的接触性溶解细胞作用及水解酶使组织破坏

【单选题】按临床分度,中度吸入性损伤是指()。

A.
伤及气管以上
B.
伤及咽部以上
C.
伤及细支气管
D.
伤及肺泡
E.
伤及喉部以上

【单选题】一侧内侧丘系损伤

A.
同侧损伤平面以下肢体痉挛性瘫痪
B.
对侧肢体痉挛性瘫痪
C.
同侧躯干四肢意识性本体感觉和精细触觉消失
D.
对侧躯干四肢意识性本体感觉和精细触觉消失

【单选题】属于闭合性损伤的是

A.
爆震伤
B.
擦伤
C.
刺伤
D.
切割伤
E.
火器伤

【多选题】更换无损伤针前需要评估()。

A.
评估患者的穿刺部位皮肤
B.
轻触注射座,判断注射座有无移位、翻转
C.
了解置入侧肢体、肩部、颈部有无麻木、酸胀、活动受限
D.
了解患者的治疗方案

【单选题】损伤虽已12小时,清创后仍可一期缝合的情况是()。

A.
上肢裂伤
B.
下肢火器伤
C.
面部切割伤
D.
背部火器伤
E.
小腿爆震伤

【多选题】损伤伤员的急救措施包括

A.
及时处理活动性出血
B.
及时撤离受伤现场
C.
出现休克不必处理,立即送往医院
D.
骨折及时复位固定
E.
首先处理生命垂危者