Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．You should decide on the best choice.
A university Student in Nairobi, Kenya, was stopped for a traffic violation the other day．The policeman took out his ticket book and asked, 'What tribe are you?' In Lusaka, Zambia(赞比亚), a young man applying for a job was told to see the manager．He leaned over the receptionist's desk and asked, 'What tribe is he?' When the receptionist told him that the manager was a Mashona(马绍那人), the applicant replied, 'Then I'll never get the job.'
This phenomenon is called tribalism (部落制)．There are more than 2,000 tribes in black Africa．Each has its own language, customs, names, and physical characteristics that make its members almost immediately recognizable to a person from another tribe．To the Westerner, tribalism is one of the most difficult of African customs to understand．It makes many people think of savagely(野性), ware, or old-fashioned customs.
However, to most Africans, tribalism simply means very strong loyalty to one's ethnic group．It is a force that can be both good and bad．By definition tribalism means sharing among members of the extended family．It makes sure that a person is taken cam of by his own group．To give a job to a fellow tribesman is not wrong; it is an obligation．Similarly, for a politician or military leader, it is considered good common sense to choose his closest advisers from people of his own tribe．This ensures security, continuity, authority．Tribal loyalty may mean a quick promotion—from soldier to captain, from clerk to manager—within a very short time.
Modem African politicians publicly speak out against tribal divisions．Yet it remains perhaps the most powerful force in day to day African life．As evidence of tribalism, in 1977 in Kenya, President Jomo Kenyatta' s Kikuyu(基库尤人) tribe controlled business and politics．Eight of the 21 cabinet (内阁)pests, including the most important four, were filled by Kikuyus．In Ugandain the same year, the President's small Kakwa tribe filled almost all the highest government and military positions．In Angola, Ethiopia, and Nigeria, the fighting in the past ten years can be partly explained by disagreements among tribes.
One country that has largely avoided tribal problems is Tanzania．Some observers say this is partly because Tanzania has so many tribes (about 120) that none has been able to become a major force.
The applicant replied, 'Then I'll never get the job.' because ______.