Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown. As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts. They are advising all parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks. Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused short-sightedness in animals. Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also applies to humans. A study of almost 300,000 young s─the largest of its kind─showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January. Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it was because prolonged illumination(光照) causes the eyeball to lengthen, causing short-sightedness. Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be. The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun. In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape. Sight expert Professor Daniel O’Leary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said “At the moment we don’t know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming short-sighted.” 55. Babies born in summer are more likely to be short-sighted ____________. A. because the summer sun is too strong for babies B. because babies born in summer have lengthened eyeballs C. if they are exposed to much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born D. if parents don’t know a proper way to protect their babies’ eyes 56. Melatonin is a kind of material to ___________. A. pr the eyes from becoming near-sighted B. protect the skin from harmful sun rays C. make our body strong D. protect babies’ eyes from summer sun 57.   From what Professor Daniel O’Leary says we can conclude that ___________. A. there is no evidence that short-sightedness is related to exposure to sunlight B. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further proved C. he believes that light exposure can cause short-sightedness D. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight 58.   The underlined word “vulnerable” in the passage probably means __________. A. easy to be harmed                          B. resistant C. protective                                     D. changeable