Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting (62) sleep than they ought to." says Dr. David. (63) people who think they are Sleeping enough would probably be better () with more rest. The beginning of our sleep deficit cr can be (65) to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal (66) from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the (67) that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were (68) on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark." By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced (69) , to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don’t even (70) they’re doing it," says Dr. David. "They think they’re okay because they can get (71) on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally (72) " Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researchers say, is the (73) of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community (74) , many people consider sleep the least (75) item on the agenda. "In our soci-ety, you’re considered (76) it’ you say you only need 5.5 hours’ sleep. If yon say you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack (77) and ambition." To assess the (78) of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects (79) a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier. "We’ve found that if you’re sleep-deprived, performance (80) ," says Dr. David. "Short-term memory is impaired, (81) are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate."

Directions:Answer Sheet 2