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Ebola Outbreak
1 You are likely aware that several countries in West Africa are battling an Ebola outbreak. Ebola is a erous and often lethal viral infection. Scientists believe that humans contracted the virus by eating the meat of rare animals. It is now believed that bats are the primary carriers of the virus.
2 To date, there are only three major countries in West Africa experiencing a major outbreak: Sierra Leone, Liberia and Guinea. However, other countries such as Nigeria have reported confirmed cases of Ebola within their borders.
3 Unless you recently visited one of the three affected West countries, your risk of contracting the virus is virtually zero. Unlike other recent airborne virus outbreaks like SARS, the Ebola virus can only be spread through direct contact with an infected person. Specifically, Ebola is spread through contact with body fluids. Though the virus is transmittable, only an infected person exhibiting symptoms is communicable.
4 The signs and symptoms of Ebola are non-specific and patients typically exhibit them after a week of contracting the virus. Symptoms may appear as early as two days or as late as three weeks after initial infection. Symptoms include disgust, weakness and stomach pain. More uncommon symptoms include chest pain, bleeding and sore throat.
5 Ebola is devastating because of its ability to attack and replicate in every, organ of the body. This causes an overstimulation of the body’s inflammatory response, causing the flu-like symptoms. The virus also causes bleeding and impairs the body’s normal clotting mechanism (凝血机制), bleeding even more severe. Loss of blood volume and decreased organ perfusion (器官灌注) ultimately lead to organ failure and death.
6 The current outbreak is the deadliest viral outbreak in over 35 years. While diseases such as the malaria (疟疾) are far more communicable, Ebola is one of the world’s most fatal viral infections. Ebola’s fatality rate exceeds that of SARS. Ebola OutbreakThe symptoms of the patients after being infected may first appear ______.

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举一反三

【单选题】碘解磷定解救有机磷酸酯类中毒的机制是

A.
阻断M胆碱受体
B.
阻断N胆碱受体
C.
直接对抗乙酰胆碱
D.
使失去活性的胆碱酯酶复活
E.
使胆碱酯酶活性受到抑制

【单选题】下列不属于建立有效沟通机制的途径是()。

A.
善于聆听
B.
非正式沟通更轻松
C.
换位思考
D.
一言堂

【单选题】喹诺酮类药物的作用机制是()

A.
抑制DNA螺旋酶作用,阻碍DNA合成而导致细菌死亡
B.
与细菌核蛋白体的50S亚基结合,抑制转肽作用及(或)信使核糖核酸(mRNA)移位,而抑制蛋白质合成
C.
干扰细菌的叶酸代谢而抑制细菌的生长繁殖
D.
阻碍细胞壁的合成,导致细菌细胞壁缺损,使细菌破裂溶解而死亡
E.
选择性地与真菌细胞膜的麦角固醇相结合形成孔道,从而增加膜的通透性,导致细胞内重要物质外漏而致死

【多选题】关于药物作用机制的描述,正确的是()

A.
药物可作为生命代谢物质的补充剂,参与或干扰细胞代谢过程
B.
抗酸药中和胃酸治疗溃疡病,主要是影响生理物质的转运过程
C.
新斯的明竞争性抑制胆碱脂酶,是药物对酶的影响作用所致
D.
药物可直接作用于细胞膜的离子通道

【单选题】双香豆素的抗凝血机制是()

A.
加速ATⅢ对凝血因子的灭活作用
B.
影响凝血因子Ⅱ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ的合成
C.
能对抗凝血因子Ⅱa、Ⅶa、Ⅸa、Ⅹa的作用
D.
激活纤溶酶
E.
抑制血小板的聚集反应

【单选题】下列临床表现不属于凝血机制障碍所致的出血是

A.
迟发出血
B.
深部血肿
C.
皮肤出血点、紫癜
D.
关节腔出血
E.
肌肉出血

【单选题】柠檬酸钠的抗凝血机制是

A.
去掉血浆中的纤维蛋白原去掉血浆中游离Ca2+
B.
去掉血浆中游离Ca2+
C.
破坏血浆中凝血酶原激活物增加了血浆中Na+
D.
增加了血浆中Na+
E.
激活了纤维蛋白溶解系统

【单选题】奎尼丁的主要作用机制是()

A.
抑制钠内流
B.
抑制钙内流
C.
抑制钾内流
D.
阻断β受体
E.
延长动作电位时间