Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．You should decide on the best choice.
Ware refers to the use of force on the part of two or more nations or other organized groups for the purpose of deciding questions at issue that cannot be settled by diplomatic means．Ware takes a variety of forms besides organized military confrontations—among them insurrections (), coups d'etat(), guerrilla () ware, and terrorism．A state of war can also exist without actual resort to arms, such as the cold war.
The military institutions of a nation and the way it wages war ate determined principally by its form．of government, social structure, economic strength, and geographical position．Before World War Ⅱ, the United States, taking advantage of its isolated geographical positions, maintained only a small standing army and depended on its navy and that of Britain.
Ware is employed to bring about or to resist political, social, or economic changes．History provides evidence of such tangible (切实的), and frequently interrelated, causes as religious conflict, protection of dynastic (朝代的) succession, or acquisition of territory．War for acquisition of land is directly related to the necessity of providing food for a nation or a group; thus, pioneer settlers in the U．S．waged war against the Native Americans for land on which to grow their crops and graze their cattle．In ancient times and during the Middle Ages, wars were often based on the desire to conquer other peoples and to increase wealth by collecting taxes and tributes by force from them．Wars are also often linked to a desire for security, on the theory that a se-called first strike prs an enemy from carrying out threats.
The overall plan devised to defeat an enemy is called strategy．The actual techniques carried out against the enemy are tactics, which consist of the procedures for winning on the battlefield, in naval battle, and in aerial combat．The execution of plans, possible the attainment of military objectives, involves functions carried out by a field commander whose tactical judgment and leadership are critical．Logistics (后勤), which involves transporting troops and furnishing continuous supplies in support of military operations, is essential to the success of the mission．Mobilizing industry, utilities, and medical service, as well as scientific research facilities and propaganda (宣传) sources, are also part of the logistics planning function.
Besides organized military confrontations, what else form．of war is mentioned in the first paragraph?