How did Andrew Whiten and his colleagues study the chimpanzees' behaviour

肺血增多

血液粘稠度增加

解剖学因素所致肺血管阻力增加

功能性因素所致肺血管阻力增加

高碳酸血症所致肺血管阻力增加

小舞蹈病

结节性硬化

Meige综合征

手足徐动症

亨廷顿舞蹈病

子宫底下降

阴道盘性分泌物

不规则子宫收缩

子宫颈管消失、子宫颈口扩张，

胎膜破裂

脑干出血

小脑出血

脑叶出血

壳核出血

丘脑出血

If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 percent of the people were county inhabitants who drew their livelihood from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. An air photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by unsurfaced roads and separated by expanses of forest or swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed more than 10,000 persons. A second picture, taken in the mid-fourteenth century, would show that the villages had grown more numerous and also more widespread, for Europeans had pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. There would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would reveal thatlittle further expansion had taken place during the preceding hundred years.

Any attempt to describe the countryside during those centuries is prevented by twodifficulties. In the first place, we have to examine the greater part of Europe’s 3,750,000 square miles, and not merely the Mediterranean lands. In the second place, the inhabitants of that wide expanse refuse to fit into our standard pattern or to stand still.

In 1450, most Europeans probably lived in villages, but some regions were so hilly, lacking in good soil, or heavily timbered that villages could not keep going, and settlement was that of solitary herdsmen or shepherds. Some areas had better access to market than others and were therefore more involved in commercial agriculture than in farming. Large landowners were more likely than small landlords to run their estates and especially their domains more systematically and also to keep those records from which we learn most of what we know about the subject. Some areas had never been quite feudalized; their farmers were more free from lordship and even from landlordship. Some regions had been recently settled, and their tenants had been offered liberal terms of tenure in order to lure them into the wilderness. Finally, there was a time element; the expansion and prosperity that characterized the period from the twelfth to the fifteenth century produced or maintained conditions which were unsuitable to the stormier days preceding or the lean ones following it.

阿司匹林

乙酰氨基酚

麦角胺

卡马西平

可待因

一侧胸廓下陷

患侧肋间隙变窄

肺动脉瓣区第2心音亢进

二尖瓣区可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音

三尖瓣区可闻及三级收缩期杂音

在债务重组中，若涉及多项非现金资产，应以非现金资产的账面价值为基础进行分配

修改其他债务条件后，债权人应当确认或有应收金额

修改其他债务条件后，若债权人未来应收金额大于应收债权的账面价值，但小于应收债权账面余额的，应按未来应收金额大于应收债权账面价值的差额，确认为营业外收入

在混合重组方式下，债务人和债权人在进行账务处理时，一般先考虑以现金清偿，然后是以非现金资产或以债务转为资本方式清偿，最后才是修改其他债务条件

可供出售债务工具投资的减值损失

可供出售权益工具投资的减值损失

持有至到期投资的减值损失

贷款及应收款项的减值损失

征收营业税

征收增值税

不征税

既征收营业税又征收增值税