A.
Decreased vegetation cover leading to a change in albedo (surface reflectivity), which changes the climate system, influencing temperature and decreasing cloud cover, which leads to less rainfall, which feeds back and results in even less vegetation cover
B.
Emission of Black carbon leads to changing the colour of large areas of arctic ice, which leads to a reduction in albedo (surface reflectivity) resulting in increased melting of arctic sea ice, which enables an increase in shipping transport through arctic waters which increases emissions of black carbon from shipping traffic.
C.
A decrease in biomass through biodiversity loss leads to stronger CO2 uptake, resulting in global near-surface cooling and drives down biomass further due to climate-related extinctions.