Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the

The place of the child in society has varied for thousands of years and has been【B1】______ by different cultures and religions. In ancient times unwanted children were occasionally【B2】______ , put to death, exploited, or offered for religious【B3】______ , and in any a large percentage of them didn't survive their physically【B4】______ existence to achieve maturity.

In Western 【B5】______ within the last few hundred years, there have been many changes in attitude toward the young. In【B6】______ Europe, and later with the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the children of the poor worked long hours for little or no pay, and there was no public concern for their safety or welfare. Punishment could be【B7】______ and severe, and sometimes religious passions were expressed violently with a view toward saving the child's soul.

By the eighth century the harsh and severe methods began to show some changes. Society slowly【B8】______ children a role of more importance. Books were written expressly for them and gradually laws were passed for their protection.

In the past few decades parents have become more attentive to the needs of their children.【B9】______ With so many now able to go to college, many educators feel that we have too many students and too few qualified teachers. Some say the pendulum in child rearing has swung so far toward permissiveness【B10】______ .

The tendency today is for teachers and parents to【B11】______ rather than provide a generalized higher education.

【B1】