Advertising played a vital role in the change of the American economy from one in which most goods were produced and sold locally to one developed mainly by brand names and products sold nationally. Before the 1880s, most advertisements consisted entirely of print. The print itself was primarily informational: it described the product and where it could be achieved. The few images that ads contained were highly stylized. Very few ads featured slogans (口号，标语) or brand names. Beginning in the 1890s, however, advertisements experienced a great change. They began to look like advertising today, focusing on visual images, slogans, catch-phrases, and importance of individual's health and psychological wealth. The J. Walter Thompson advertising agency sold Scott tissue by warning consumers of "the troubles caused by harsh toilet tissue". Lucky Strike sold cigarettes to women first by using the slogan "Reach for a Lucky instead of a sweet" and later by describing cigarettes as "torches of ," as symbols of modern values. Advertisements helped to transform American values. They made Americans aware of such "problems" as halitosis (口臭) and strange smell of body. More seriously, they helped promote a shift from an emphasis on savings toward consumption. They also helped to shift from a culture mainly toward words to the one toward visual images.

Task 2
Directions:This task is the same as Task 1, The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 41 to 45.The first paragraph mainly tells us that （）.

A．advertising improved the product quality
B．advertising helped expand the goods distribution area
C．the change of American economy was necessary
D．producing and selling goods locally was the primary form of American economy