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【单选题】

There are two sorts of people in the world, who with equal degrees of health, and wealth, and the other comforts of life, become, the one happy, and tile other miserable. This arises very much from the different views in which they consider things, persons, and s.
In whatever situation men can be placed, they may find conveniences and inconveniencies; in whatever company, they may find persons and conversation more or less pleasing; at whatever table, they may meet with meats or drinks of better and worse taste, dishes better or worse dressed; in whatever climate they will find good and bad weather; under whatever government, they may find good and bad laws, and good and bad administration of those laws; in every poem or work of genius they may see faults and beauties; in almost every face and every person, they may discover fine features and effects, good and bad qualities.
Under these circumstances, the two kinds of people above mentioned fix their attention, those who are to be happy, on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-dressed dishes, the goodness of the wines, the fine weather, and enjoy all with cheerfulness. Those who are to be unhappy, think and speak only of the contraries. Hence they are continually discontented themselves, and by their remarks sour the pleasures of society, offend personally many people, and make themselves everywhere disagreeable. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and to be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation, and is unawares grown into a habit, which at present strong may nevertheless be cured when those who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their felicity.
I hope this little admonition may be of service to them, and put them on changing a habit, which in the exercise is chiefly an act of imagination yet has serious consequences in life, as it brings on real grieves and misfortunes. For many are offended, nobody loves this sort of people, no one shows them more than the most common civility and respect, and scarcely that; and this frequently puts them out of humor, and draws them into disputes and contentions. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes them success, or will stir a step, or speak a word, to favor their pretensions. If they incur public censure or disgrace, no one will defend or excuse, and many join to aggravate their misconduct, and render them completely odious. If these people will not change this bad habit, and condescend to be pleased with what is pleasing, without fretting themselves and others about the contraries, it is good for others to avoid an acquaintance with them, which is always disagreeable, and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one finds one’s self entangled in their quarrels.
An old philosophical friend of mine grown from experience, was very cautious in this particular, and carefully avoided any intimacy with such people. He had, like other philosophers, a thermometer to show him the heat of the weather, and a barometer to mark when it was likely to prove good or bad; but, there being no instrument invented to discover, at first sight, this unpleasing disposition in a person. He for that purpose made use of his legs, one of which was remarkably handsome, the other, by some accident, crooked and deformed. If a stranger, at the first interview, regarded his ugly leg more than his handsome one, he doubted him. If he spoke of it, took no notice of the handsome leg, that was sufficient to determine my philosopher to have no further acquaintance with him. Every body has not this two-legged instrument, but every one with a little attention, may observe signs of that carping, faultfinding disposition, and take the same resolution of avoiding the acquaintance of those infected with it. I therefore advise those critical, querulous, discontented, unhappy people, that if they wish to be respected and beloved by others, and happy in themselves, they should leave off looking at the ugly leg.
The author suggests that his friend’s two-leg instrument ______.

A.
does not always work well
B.
is a good way to detect people’s disposition
C.
protects his friend from being hurt
D.
is suitable for everyone to use
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【单选题】What docs a reference group do() A.Its members know each other very well. B.Members of the group influence each other. C.All members like the same thin

A.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BUYING BEHAVIOR
B.
Throughout the buying process, various factors may’ influence a buyer’s purchase decision. An awareness of these factors and consumer preferences enables companies to appeal to the group most likely to respond to its products and services. Some of these factors include the following.
C.
CULTURE. The culture and subcultures we belong to shape our values, attitudes, and beliefs, and they influence the way we respond to tike world around us. Understanding culture is therefore an increasingly important step in international business and in marketing in diverse countries such as the United States.
D.
SOCIAL CLASS. In addition to being members of a particular culture, we also belong to a certain social class — upper, middle, lower, m’ somewhere in between. In general, members of various classes enjoy different activities, buy different goods, shop in different places, and react to different media.
E.
REFERENCE GROUP. A reference group consists of people who have a good deal in common—family members, friends, co-workers, fellow students, teenagers, sports enthusiasts, music lovers, computer buffs. We are all members of many such reference groups, and we use the opinions of the appropriate group as a benchmark when we buy certain types of products or services. For example, shopping malls are today losing what has long been their most faithful audience — teens. That’s because Generation Xers (those born between 1965 and 1978) think that malls are for parents and that malls have too many rules. So some retailers like Urban Outfitters and Tower Records refuse to open stores in most malls.
F.
SELF-IMAGE. The tendency to believe that "you are what you buy" is especially prevalent among young people. Marketers capitalize on our need to express our identity through our purchases by emphasizing the image value of products and services. That’s why professional athletes and musicians are frequently used as product endorsers—so that we incorporate part of their public image into our own self-image. After all, doesn’t everyone want to "be like Mike Jordan"
G.
SITUATIONAL FACTORS. These factors include events or circumstances occurring in our lives that are more circumstantial in nature. For example, you have a coupon, you’re in a hurry, it’s Valentine’s Day, it’s your birthday, you’re in a bad mood, and so on. Situational factors influence our buying patterns.

【单选题】Teenagers do not like malls any more because() A.they don’t like the shopping environment. B.the products are out-dated. C.the prices are too hig

A.
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE BUYING BEHAVIOR
B.
Throughout the buying process, various factors may’ influence a buyer’s purchase decision. An awareness of these factors and consumer preferences enables companies to appeal to the group most likely to respond to its products and services. Some of these factors include the following.
C.
CULTURE. The culture and subcultures we belong to shape our values, attitudes, and beliefs, and they influence the way we respond to tike world around us. Understanding culture is therefore an increasingly important step in international business and in marketing in diverse countries such as the United States.
D.
SOCIAL CLASS. In addition to being members of a particular culture, we also belong to a certain social class — upper, middle, lower, m’ somewhere in between. In general, members of various classes enjoy different activities, buy different goods, shop in different places, and react to different media.
E.
REFERENCE GROUP. A reference group consists of people who have a good deal in common—family members, friends, co-workers, fellow students, teenagers, sports enthusiasts, music lovers, computer buffs. We are all members of many such reference groups, and we use the opinions of the appropriate group as a benchmark when we buy certain types of products or services. For example, shopping malls are today losing what has long been their most faithful audience — teens. That’s because Generation Xers (those born between 1965 and 1978) think that malls are for parents and that malls have too many rules. So some retailers like Urban Outfitters and Tower Records refuse to open stores in most malls.
F.
SELF-IMAGE. The tendency to believe that "you are what you buy" is especially prevalent among young people. Marketers capitalize on our need to express our identity through our purchases by emphasizing the image value of products and services. That’s why professional athletes and musicians are frequently used as product endorsers—so that we incorporate part of their public image into our own self-image. After all, doesn’t everyone want to "be like Mike Jordan"
G.
SITUATIONAL FACTORS. These factors include events or circumstances occurring in our lives that are more circumstantial in nature. For example, you have a coupon, you’re in a hurry, it’s Valentine’s Day, it’s your birthday, you’re in a bad mood, and so on. Situational factors influence our buying patterns.